While Loop

Introduction to Loops

Imagine you're in a candy shop and you want to keep buying candies until you've spent all your money. You check your wallet after each purchase, and as long as you have enough money left, you keep buying more candies. Once you run out of money, you stop buying candies.

In programming, loops are used to serve the purpose of repeating a specific block of code.

For instance, you want to write a line of text 100 times, so instead of manually coding the line, we can utilise a loop to accomplish this task more efficiently.

The given example is straightforward, but once you grasp the concept of loops, you can create far more engaging and complex programs.

Now, let's begin our journey into learning about loops!

While Loop

The while loop checks the condition. If it's true, it does something specific. It's a bit like when you do something only if a certain condition is met.

But the interesting part is that it checks that condition over and over again. If it's still true, it keeps doing that thing.

This keeps going until the condition is no longer true. That's when the loop stops doing its thing.

It's syntax is as follows:

while (condition) {
    // code to be executed.
}

FlowChart

Seems a bit tricky? Let's see how this works with a fun example!

Example1

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        // declare numberOfTimes variable. 
        int numberOfTimes = 1;
    
        // code inside while loop will run infinite times.
        while(numberOfTimes <= 3) {
            System.out.println("Code inside while loop is running.");
        }
    }
}

In this program, the print statement is enclosed within the curly braces, indicating the body of the loop. When you execute this code, the print statement within the loop are repeated over and over.

Let's understand what's happening in this program:

At the beginning, the variable numberOfTimes is set to 1. As a result, the boolean expression numberOfTimes <= 3 is evaluated to true, and the loop's body is executed.
The boolean expression numberOfTimes <= 3 is evaluated again, and since it's still true, the loop's body is executed once more.
This process continues to repeat.
Since numberOfTimes <= 3 never becomes false, the loop runs indefinitely. This is what we call an infinite loop. In this case, the code after the loop never gets executed.

Output

Code inside while loop is running.
Code inside while loop is running.
Code inside while loop is running.
.....

To run this loop only for a fixed number of times, we must increase the value of numberOfTimes inside the loop so that numberOfTimes <= 3 eventually becomes false. Here's how we can do:

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        // declare numberOfTimes variable. 
        int numberOfTimes = 1;
    
        // code inside while loop will run 3 times.
        while(numberOfTimes <= 3) {
            System.out.println("Code inside while loop is running.");
            System.out.println("number - " + numberOfTimes);
            numberOfTimes = numberOfTimes + 1;
        }

        System.out.println("Outside while loop body code.");
    }
}

Output

Code inside while loop is running.
number - 1
Code inside while loop is running.
number - 2
Code inside while loop is running.
number - 3
Outside while loop body code.

Explanation

Example2

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // body inside while loop will run infinite times since the condition is always true.
        while(true) {
            System.out.println("Code inside while loop is running.");
        }
    }
}

Output

Code inside while loop is running.
Code inside while loop is running.
Code inside while loop is running.
.....

However, in most cases, we want loops to end after a certain number of iterations. Next, we will create a loop that terminates after running a specific number of times.

Let's look at another example with a slight modification of a previous program to help you understand the concept of a while loop more clear -

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        // declare numberOfTimes variable. 
        int numberOfTimes = 1;
    
        // code inside while loop will run 2 times.
        while(numberOfTimes <= 3) {
            numberOfTimes = numberOfTimes + 1;
            System.out.println("Code inside while loop is running.");
            System.out.println("number - " + numberOfTimes);
        }

        System.out.println("Outside while loop body code.");
    }
}

In the above example, we increment the value of "numberOfTimes" by 1, and then we print the current value of "numberOfTimes".

Output

Code inside while loop is running.
number - 2
Code inside while loop is running.
number - 3
Code inside while loop is running.
number - 4
Outside while loop body code.

Practice problems

Write a code to to print numbers from 5 to 1 using a while loop.

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        // declare number variable. 
        int number = 5;
    
        // code inside while loop will run 5 times.
        while(number >= 1) {
            System.out.println(number);
            number = number - 1;
        }
    }
}

5
4
3
2
1

Write a program to find the sum of first n natural numbers using a while loop.

import java.util.Scanner;
 
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("Enter a number:");
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = input.nextInt();
 
        int sum = 0;
 
        int count = 1;
 
        while (count <= n) {
            // adding the value of count to sum
            sum = sum + count;
            count = count + 1;
        }
 
        System.out.println("Total sum = " + sum);
        input.close();
    }
}

Enter a number:
5
Total sum = 15

QUIZ

int i = 0;
for(i = 0 ; i < 10; i++){
}
System.out.println(i);

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int i = 0;
        int n = 6;

        while (i < n) {
            System.out.print(i);
            i = i + 2; 
        }
    }
}